Apparently the enzymes that are responsible for the 4-hydroxy group of psilocin are indifferent to what it is they choose to 4-hydroxylate. He has taken things like DPT or DIPT and put them in the growth media and the fruiting bodies that came out contain 4-hydroxy-DPT or 4-hydroxy-DIPT instead of psilocin. In fact, he has a patent on the process. These active compounds are made by the mushroom so they really are natural and yet they never have been observed in nature. I'll give you even odds that if you put spores of a psilocybe species on cow droppings loaded with 5-MeO-DMT you would come out with mushrooms containing 4,5-HO-MeO-DMT.
But what kind of tryptamines can you shroom-synth?
Modifying the fungus to produce new, exotic tryptamines
Producing new tryptamines using Psilocybe fungi (and related species) can be achieved by simply adding a tryptamine (or tryptophan) compound to the substrate of the fungus. The enzymatic reactions in the fungus will result in a product that will have a hydroxy group on the fourth position of the indole, and the N1 and N2 positions will be methylated. Both modifications occur only if the respective position isn't already substituted with something else (as an example, adding 4-HO-MiPT to the substrate would result in mushrooms containing the same 4-HO-MiPT, without any modifications).
However, adding X the the substrate wouldn't result only in the 4-HO- and fully methylated compound (just like mushrooms don't contain only psilocin). There will be some byproducts: a 4-Phorsphoroloxy-version of the compound (as it happens with psilocybin, 4-PO-DMT), and a compound that hasn't been fully methylated (as it happens with baeocystin, 4-HO-NMT). Small amounts of other potentially psychoactive tryptamines will also be present. The resulting mixture of substances would compare to the main 4-HO-product just as alkaloidic extract from psilocybe fungi compares to pure psilocin.
Examples of new tryptamines that can be created in the ways described above.
- By adding serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) to the substrate, 4,5-dihydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine would be created. This is unmentioned and could be a possible psilocin analog. It could be illegal though, considering the Analog Act. The same compound can be formed by adding 5-hydroxy-tryptophan (5-HTP), only it doesn't work together with the above tehnique (obviously).
- By adding melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine), the resulting compound will be 4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-N-methyl-N-acetyltryptamine. It might be psychoactive, it might be nothing.
- By adding N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (MiPT), the fungi will yield 4-hydroxy-MiPT. The same will happen with N-isopropyltryptamine, if it is available.
- By adding diisopropyltryptamine (DiPT), the fungi will yield 4-hydroxy-DiPT. ( TRIP REPORT )
- By adding N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET), the fungi will yield 4-hydroxy-DET.
- By adding N-methyl-N-ethyltryptamine (MET), the fungi will yield 4-hydroxy-MET. (one of my favorite compounds)
- By adding N,N-dipropyltryptamine (DPT), the fungi will yield 4-hydroxy-DPT.
- If 5-methoxy-N-ethyltryptamine (5-MeO-NET,unmentioned, but (probably) possible to synthesize from melatonin) is added, 4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-N-methyl-N-ethyltryptamine will result. Also unmentioned, but could be hallucinogenic.
- Another possible new compound to form would be 4-hydroxy-5-methylaminosulfonyl-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, by adding the migraine drug sumatriptan (5-methylaminosulfonyl-DMT). This could be either hallucinogenic, inactive or anti-migraine.
A problem with some of the mentioned compounds could be the tendency of the two groups on the 4th and 5th position to interact. 4,5-DHO-DMT, 4,5-HO-MeO-DMT, 4,5-HO-MeO-MAcT, 4,5-HO-MeO-MET, and the compound from sumatriptan will probably be instable.
However, Shulgin doesn't mention this at all in his answer regarding 4,5-HO-MeO-DMT
Using fungi as a fast-growing source of DMT
The DMT that is around on the black market is usually obtained from rootbarks of several trees (Mimosa hostilis, etc.) or is synthesized from tryptamine, indole, etc. The best known growable source for DMT is Psychotria viridis, but this is also slow compared to the rapid metabolism and growing of mushrooms.
Considering the fact that psilocin differs from DMT only through its hydroxy group on the fourth position, preventing the fungus from adding the hydroxy would result in fungi containing DMT, and these fungi would be perfectly legal. This DMT can be rapidly produced, although rather large amounts or mushrooms have to be grown (the potency can be rised by adding great amounts of tryptophan to the mushroom. If this solution can be optimized (price mainly), these mushrooms could be a future, rapidly-growing source of DMT.
To prevent the 4-hydroxylation, the enzymes responsible for this have to be inhibited. This is the real difficult task, as the enzymes aren't even known. Alexander Shulgin once called them indole 4-hydroxylase, but it is uncertain what they really are. And even if these enzymes can be identified, finding a way to inhibit them will be more difficult. This could be a future task for professional biologists.
Guidelines for production and consumption of modified fungi
1. Measure the amount of precursor added to the substrate (in moles). This amount will be called x1.2. Calculate the molar mass of the main product (4-ho, all free N positions methylated) in grams per mole. This will be called x2.
3. Estimate the total amount of main product present in the fungus (in milligrams). Suppose that 90% (y1 %) of the precursor will be converted into main product and will be present in the fruit bodies. This amount will be: y2 = (x1 * x2 * y1)*10 (mg).
4. Harvest all fruit bodies, from all flushes, including aborts. Do not go further until the cake doesn't produce any more fruit bodies.
5. Dry and powder the fruit bodies. (cutting them into very small pieces will also be OK).
6. Mix the powder/pieces thoroughly.
7. Weigh the powder (in grams). The weight of the powder (in grams) will be called z1.
8. Calculate the amount of alkaloids (in milligrams per gram of powder (mg/g). This will be z2 = y2 / z1 .
7. As you know the estimated amount of alkaloids per gram of powder, you can easily dose this material. Start with doses of 500 mcg or 1 mg (of alkaloids), and work your way up.
In these steps, I assumed that the main product is the only active substance in these fungi. This is not the case. However, the experience will probably be similar to an experience with the main product alone. Just how alkaloidic extracts from fungi compare to pure psilocin.
There will also be some actives in the micelyum, so using this method you will probably consume slightly less than you expected, this can be avoided by extracting from the micelyum and mixing with the powder, but it's not worth the effort
THIS IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT! EVEN ONE SINGLE MISTAKE IN THE CALCULATED AMOUNTS CAN LEAD TO DEATH! REMEMBER SOME OF THESE SUBSTANCES ARE COMPLETELY UNKNOWN AND CAN BE TOXIC!
Happy growing :) Be sure to write trip reports regarding this subject if you try it, it's all very theoretical with limited info so far
BONUS TIPS: Boosting Psilocybin Production
- Adding a DMT Triptamine or NMT containing plant or pure substance to the substrate of the mushroom will increase psilocin/psilocibyn production, i've read claims of 2x-5x stronger mushrooms by simply adding mimosa hostilis to the substrate. Some claim adding trypthophan is also a good idea, but that's the same as adding tryptamine since it is just a percursor and may actually make things worse
- If you add potassium phosphate you will not get more psilocybin out in terms of the absolute amount you'll get, but the ratio of psilocybin to psilocin will be increased. Just don't add too much potassium dihydrogen phosphate as it'll alter the pH of the growth medium
Sources and additional reading:
Addition of Tryptamine Gartz study (March 1988)
The Metabolic Pathway of Psilocybin Production
Shroomery Thread on Tryptamine Exposure
Shroomery Thread on Tryptamine Exposure -> Psilocin HCL Extraction
Drugs-Forum Thread
Bluelight Thread
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